Monday, May 28, 2012

教宗本篤十六世 「靜與言 : 福傳之路」


教宗本篤十六世
第四十六屆世界傳播日文告
「靜與言 : 福傳之路」
﹝2012年 5月20日,主日﹞

主內的弟兄姊妹: 

2012 年世界傳播日快到了,我希望跟大家分享人類傳訊中的一面,其重要性經常被忽略,可是今時今日,實在必須多加反省。我想說靜默與話語的關係:靜與言屬於傳訊的兩面,必須互相保持平衡,輪流交替,才能達致人際間的真誠對話,以及深化人際關係。言與靜若互相排斥,傳訊便崩潰,而且會導致混亂或冷漠;所以必須令言與靜彼此協調,傳訊才可成功。這樣,溝通便產生價值並建立意義。 

靜默是傳訊過程中不可或缺的元素;沒有靜默,內容豐富的話語就不能存在。在靜默中,我們更能聆聽、了解自己,進而思考 ─ 進行有深度的思考;更清楚明白我們想說的,及期望他人的回應;然後選擇如何表達自己。在靜默中,我們讓他人發言表達自己;與此同時,我們避免做井底之蛙,一味自彈自唱。這麼一來,我們互相製造空間聆聽對方,深化彼此的關係。事實上,互愛的人經常在靜默中:藉姿勢、面部表情、身體語言,彼此流露最真摯的愛。喜悅、憂慮、和痛苦都能在靜默中傳遞 ─ 所謂「盡在不言中」往往令表達方式錦上添花。這麼一來,靜默帶動更活躍的傳訊,要求彼此敏銳地聆聽,把人際關係的標準和內涵提升。當信息及資訊過剩,靜默顯然變得必須,以協助我們識別「重要、微不足道、主次之間」。有時乍看毫無關連的事宜,一旦深入思考才發現其中的連繫,讓我們評估及分析,讓彼此分享深思熟慮的意見,共享真知識。為此,必須發展適當的「生態環境」,保持介乎靜默、話語、影像及聲音之間的平衡。

現今的傳訊過程主要建立在「問」與「答」。人們不論尋求意見、概念、資訊或解答,都會不約而同地從網絡搜索器和社交網站起步。目前,互聯網正逐漸成為「問」與「答」的平台 ─ 的確,我們從不提問,卻經常被答案圍攻,彷彿這些答案都十分重要。面對過剩的資訊及其刺激,我們果真要明辨真正重要的問題所在,而靜默乃是解決這問題的珍品。今日的傳訊世界複雜又多元,置身其間,人們往往面對存在性的終極問題:我是誰?我能知道什麼?我應做什麼?我可以希望什麼?跟提問者確認這些問題十分重要,透過文字交流,建立開放深入的對話;當然也要透過靜默反思。這一切總比倉促的答案更具說服力,令搜尋者深入認識自我、開放自己、邁向天主銘刻於人心的知識。 

最後,這停不了的提問流程,證明人類不斷追尋真理,多少也意味著為自己生命帶來意義和希望。其實,不論男女都不滿於表面意見,及含糊不清的交往 ─畢竟人們都在追尋真理。今天,我們渴求真理有過之而無不及:「當人交換資訊時,實則在分享他們自己;分享他們對世界的看法、他們的希望、他們的理想。」(2011 年世界傳播日文告)

今日的網頁、Apps 和社交網站,種類繁多:其中亦包括提供靜默空間、協助真誠反省思考、提供祈禱默想、分享上主聖言等項目。簡單來說,只要是一句聖經章節,也足以反映有深度的思想,令參與交談的人進而培育自己的內在生命。各地宗教及傳統都認同退省和靜默的價值:既能助人重新發現自我,也能同時發現生命的真諦。聖經中的天主盡在不言中:「正如基督的十字架所作的,天主也以自己的靜默說話。對降生成人的天主子來說,天主的靜默,即子被全能天主父離棄的經驗,是祂塵世旅程上的決定性階段……天主的靜默延伸祂從前所說的話。在這黑暗的時刻,祂透過自己靜默的奧祕說話。」(《上主的話》宗座勸諭,21)天主的愛擲地有聲,本來是活於至高無上的恩賜,卻在十字架的靜默中發聲。基督死後,大地一片寧靜。聖週六那天,當「君王就寢,天主睡在血肉中,並喚醒自不同歲月起沉睡的人」(詳見:聖週六大日課)天主的聲音響徹大地,時刻向人類示愛。 

假如天主在靜默中也跟我們說話,我們也應嘗試在靜默中跟天主說話,以及在靜默中談論天主。「我們需要的是讓靜默變成默想,將我們引入天主的靜默中,將我們帶到聖言、贖世聖言的誕生之處。」(國際神學委員會感恩祭中講道,2006年10月6日)。每次談及天主的偉大,人的言語往往不敷應用,必須代之以默想。一股內在的使命感從這類默想中一湧而出,催迫我們「去給你們傳報我們所見所聞」,令眾人跟天主合而為一(若望一書 1:3)。靜默令我們沐浴於愛之根源,引導我們走向近人,感受他們的痛苦;並帶給他們基督之光、祂生命的信息,及祂救恩的滿全之愛。 

在默想中,永恆的聖言,世界藉祂而創造,祂的臨在與日增強,我們察覺到天主在歷史中以言以行完成祂的救贖工程。正如梵二大公會議提醒我們,超性的啟示「藉內在彼此聯繫的言與行形成;天主在救贖史裡興辦的工程,彰明並堅強了用言語所表明的道理和事物;聖言宣講工程,並闡明其中含有的奧蹟。」(《天主的啟示》教義憲章:2)這救贖計劃以納匝肋人耶穌本人作所有啟示的中介和滿全完成。祂讓我們知道天父真正的面目,祂藉十字架和復活帶給我們自由,從罪惡和死亡的奴役中解救我們,使我們成為天主子女。人類存在的基本意義在基督奧祕內找到答案,這答案為不安的人帶來平安。教會的使命源於這奧祕,正是這奧祕激發基督徒成為希望和救贖的使者,為宣揚人類尊嚴和建立公義和平的愛而作見證。

言與靜:學習溝通在於學習聆聽、學習反思、學習說話。這為從事福傳事工的人尤其重要。今日,教會向現世重新宣講基督,在這傳訊工程中,靜與言均是構成元素,缺一不可。謹將教會透過社會傳播工具的一切福傳事工,交託予聖母瑪利亞,她靜默地「聆聽聖言,並令聖言開花結果」(Loreto聖家的私人祈禱, 2007年9月1日)
本篤十六世
發自梵蒂岡
2012 年1 月24 日
聖方濟各沙雷氏節

Saturday, May 19, 2012

7TH SUNDAY OF EASTER (B)


SEVENTH SUNDAY OF EASTER (B)                                                              20 May 2012

It is hard for us to imagine what the disciples must have felt as Jesus left them and ascended into heaven.  There was surely a sense that he was now no longer with them.  They were now confronted by his absence.  Yet it wasn’t as simple as that.  They had already lived through the shock of his death, and were then surprised by his resurrection.  Even though they may have walked with him or eaten with him, they would have been very conscious that this was somehow different to the way they had been with him before his death.  His presence after the resurrection was different.  So while his ascension to the right hand of the Father may have seemed like a definitive departing from them, in fact they very quickly had a greater sense of his presence.
This seems to be the point of the Ascension.  It reminds us that Jesus had to leave this world in order to complete the mission he had been given by his Father.  Only by leaving this world would he become present to all people of all ages and all places.  Only by leaving the world of Jerusalem and Galilee would he become present to us today.  In recent weeks we have seen glimpses of how this would be so.  He would be recognised in the breaking of bread, in the Eucharist.  He would be heard in the proclamation of the Word of God, the Scriptures.
Today we hear something of how this would be possible.  Just before he ascends into heaven Jesus tells the disciples to go to Jerusalem and wait for the Holy Spirit.  It is the Spirit who will keep Jesus present among them.  The Spirit will keep the memory of Jesus alive among the people.  But the Spirit will also make Jesus present among them in the sacraments.  Notice today how during the Eucharistic Prayer we will pray that the Holy Spirit will come upon the gifts of bread and wine so that they may become the body and blood of Christ.  We will also pray that the Spirit will come upon us who eat this Eucharistic feast so that we may be the body of Christ.  So when Jesus tells the disciples that the Spirit will give them power, he is telling them that in fact from now on they will be closer to Jesus than they were during his life on earth.  They will be drawn into the divine life; they will participate in the life of God.
There is a sense in which this has been their destiny: to share communion with God.  That is why I said earlier that the Ascension of Jesus completes his mission.  He leaves them in order to send the Spirit so that people of all ages might share in his life, might be part of him, might together form his body.  This began for each of us when we received that first gift of the Spirit at our baptism.  The Spirit ensures that salvation is available to all creation.
But life with Jesus is never given for its own sake.  Salvation is not simply something that we take to ourselves like some greedy person interested only in themselves.  The readings today make it very clear that the ascension of Jesus makes it possible for his mission to continue in the words and actions of the apostles and their descendants.  In fact the kingdom he preached and inaugurated now has to take root in the land of every people and every nation.  This happens by the life and witness of those who have received the Spirit.  Every people and every nation has to be able to recognise in their own midst the salvation Jesus brings.  It will be both familiar and unfamiliar to them.  It will be familiar because it will be dressed in the forms of their own culture.  But it will be unfamiliar because it will also challenge the culture to change and be take up what is necessary in order that it be a place where communion with God is a reality.
I think the feast of the Ascension is the occasion for each of us to reflect on how we are part of the mission of Jesus.  It is not going to be present exactly as we heard in the gospel, where devils were cast out or people were unharmed if they drank poison.  These were signs for a different time.  We need to ask ourselves, what are the signs associated with believers today.  Or more specifically: what are the signs associated with the Chinese community in Sydney.  You can probably think of many of these signs, but let me mention just one.  It is this: a strong family life where there is great respect and care across the generations and where people of every age can flourish.  This is one of the most important signs of salvation – if we understand salvation in terms of communion.  A strong family life will enable family members to have a deep sense of connection with each other and therefore with God.  In this way you are a sign in the world of what salvation looks like.  Of course this doesn’t mean that all families are perfect or that they don’t experience disappointment.  But the thing that characterises a Christian family is that it is also a sign that renewal and reform is possible.  This is part of the message of salvation.
So on this Ascension Day let us rejoice that Jesus’ parting words were to wait for the Spirit so that we might be his witnesses in the world.
Fr. Gerard Kelly